In the very first episode of a
Game of Thrones, 10-year-old Branden Stark had an unfortunate "accident". He was pushed from a high window and nearly died. Although he survived, he was paralyzed from the waist down. A few episodes later, the decidedly book-smart and wealthy Lord Tyrion Lannister offered Bran a gift. He designed a special saddle so Bran could ride horseback once again.
[youtube]http://youtu.be/vGN73ufuc4U?t=22s[/youtube]
Invention often happens that way. Someone with the technological know-how and the money sees a need and acts to fill that need. This is but one of the more minor routes to discovery and invention. It is simple, direct, but far from the most likely. For the most part, big gains and earth-changing discoveries are generally not sprints; they are marathons.